On Üç Koloni Nedir?

ON ÜÇ KOLONİ BAYRAĞI

On Üç Koloni, Britanya İmparatorluğu'na ait olan Kuzey Amerika'nın doğu kıyısında (Atlantik kıyısı) bulunan 13 kolonidir. 1607'de VirginiaEyaleti'nde Jamestown kasabasının kurulmasıyla kuruluşa başlamış, 1733'te Georgia Eyaleti'nin kurulmasıyla kuruluş tamamlanmıştır.

1754'te Albany Kongresi'ni kurup, Büyük Britanya'dan daha fazla hak istediler. Sonra 1774'te Kıtasal Kongre'yi kurdular. 1776 yılına kadar Büyük Britanya'ya bağlı kaldılar. 1776'da bağımsızlıklarını ilan edip, Büyük Britanya'ya karşı savaştılar. Dolayısıyla bu 13 Koloni, A.B.D'nin kurucu eyaletleridir. Bu Koloniler sırasıyla kuzeyden güneye doğru sırayla: New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pensilvanya, Delaware, Maryland, Virjinya, Kuzey Karolina, Güney Karolina, Georgia.

                                    IN ENGLISH

he Thirteen Colonies were the British Colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America founded between 1607 (Virginia) and 1733 (Georgia). Individual colonies began collaborating at the Albany Congress of 1754 to demand more rights and set up a Continental Congress that declared independence from Great Britain in 1776 and formed a new nation, the United States of America. The thirteen colonies were: Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts Bay, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia, New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut and New Jersey were formed by mergers of previous colonies. All the colonies had similar political and legal systems, with a high degree of self government. Most white men could and did vote for local and legislative officials. The colonies were all prosperous and had high growth rates based on immigration from Britain and Germany, together with ample food supplies and land for new settlers. Most families operated subsistence farms. All the colonies had legal slavery, with slave-based plantations in the South producing valuable exports such as tobacco and rice. The Northern and Middle colonies concentrated on trade. The frontier districts often confronted Indian wars, but by 1700 the colonists greatly outnumbered the Indians. The British officials in London practiced a policy of mercantilism, and believed the colonies should be operated for the benefit of the mother country, while the colonists after 1760 resisted British demands for more control especially over taxes. The colonies were religiously diverse, with the Anglican Church of England officially established in most of the South, but there were no bishops and the churches had only local roles. Education was widespread in the northern colonies, which had established colleges such as Harvard and Yale, while the College of William and Mary trained the elite in Virginia.